Current newsletter
Back Issues
Advertising Rates

ASBC Newsletter
VOLUME 57, NUMBER 1 - WINTER 1997

President's Column
Final Call for Papers
Final Call for Nominations
Local Section News
Laboratory Note - Alternate Methods for Color Estimation
1996 British Brewing Industry Developments
Student Travel Grant Program Fund Solicitation and Participation
Active ASBC Corporate Members
New Active ASBC Members
ASBC Past Presidents

President's Column

Greetings to everyone from cold, snowy central Illinois. Looking at the Weather Channel on the way out this morning, I do still remember what I miss least about leaving Minneapolis though! Although by the time you read this column Christmas will be nothing but a memory, at the Sebree house we are now knee-deep in presents and credit card bills.

As with the rest of the industry during this time of the year, things are beginning to slow down on the national ASBC scene. The first (rough) draft of the upcoming publication Laboratory Methods for Small Brewers is virtually compete and will be kicked around at our February Board meeting. At this point, it is our intention to display a draft of the book at the March Craftbrewers conference and solicit comments and suggestions from the attendees. As this is our first endeavor in this arena, we want to make sure that product is of value to this audience. Any suggestions or comments toward this subject would be well accepted by the Board prior to our meeting on February 8th.

On the World Brewing Congress 2000 front, the formal document outlining the administration of the meeting was approved and signed by both the ASBC and MBAA at their Montreal convention. It should be remembered that this meeting is not simply another BCOA, but a meeting of the world brewing industry. It will not even remotely resemble anything either organization has done in the past. All that remains of the groundwork is the signing of the hotel contract, which Corie Dacus is very close to completing. Following this, we will begin the work on the meeting itself in earnest!

We should not overlook the ASBC Annual Meeting coming up next June in Palm Springs, however. The request for titles and abstracts goes out with this issue of the Newsletter. We expect an attendance figure similar to San Diego for this meeting, so do not delay sending your presentation request into Nona Mundy, ASAP. Along the same lines, you will see a reminder of our second year for the ASBC Student Travel Grant Program. This is an ongoing program that requires donations every year to help our student members offset some of their travel costs in presenting cutting-edge university research at our Annual Meetings. Please don't be bashful; give 'till it hurts! These students are future colleagues of ours in the industry . . . and may some day be your boss!

Even though it is now late (when you read this), Marcia and I want to wish you and yours the merriest of Christmases and Happiest of New Years! Credit card bills notwithstanding.

-Bruce Sebree
President

Final Call for Papers

The ASBC Program Committee has begun solicitation of papers and posters for the 63rd Annual Meeting in Palm Springs, CA. As expected, the Technical Program will continue to provide the latest scientific information and technologies. Once again, this year, the venue for the meeting will be fabulous.

Preliminary plans call for sessions revolving around raw materials, fermentation, finishing, packaging, yeast technology, flavor stability and related issues, and some specialty lectures. Prospective papers in these areas as well as those that present new analytical protocols will be considered. Subject matter for both oral presentations and posters may be original research and development, describe advances or progress in brewing and/or packaging technology, show modifications to brewing techniques, analytical procedures, or applications, or be of technical review format.

ASBC abstract forms are available in the Fall 1996 issue of the Newsletter or can be obtained from members of the Program Committee or the St. Paul office. We encourage use of this form. We are planning for about 30 oral presentations and as many posters as are accepted.

Deadlines for the Palm Springs meeting are January 30, 1997, for submission of titles and February 28, 1997, for submission of abstract forms for oral and poster presentations.

The Committee welcomes all contributions for consideration. Please accept this invitation and extend it to your colleagues. Any questions or correspondence may be directed to: Nona Mundy, ASBC Program Committee Chair, Anheuser-Busch, Inc., Brewing Technical Services, One Busch Place, Bldg. 36-5, St. Louis, MO 63118; 314/577-3273; Fax 314/577-1055.

Final Call for Nominations

The ASBC Nominating Committee has begun its assignment of providing qualified Society members to serve on the Board of Directors. Nominees for the offices of vice-president and president-elect are required for voting at the 1997 Annual Meeting.

The term for office of vice-president is one year, beginning with the close of the 1997 annual meeting. However, because the vice-president is the principal candidate for president-elect and subsequently succeeds to the offices of president and past president, a commitment of four years is expected. Following the same progression, the commitment for president-elect is three years.

The selection for candidates for these offices is critical to the Society. The Nominating Committee needs your help to identify qualified members to fill these leadership positions. Please remember that all nominees must be active members of the Society, be willing to serve, and have the permission and support of their employer management. Nominees for elected offices will be published in the spring 1997 Newsletter.

Please direct nominations to any of the following members of the Nominating Committee:

Rob McCaig, Chairman
Molson Centre for Innovation
33 Carlingview Road
Etobicoke, Ontario
Canada M9W 5E4

Richard L. Berndt
Pabst Brewing Co.
P.O. Box 947
Olympia, WA 98507
206/754-5009
Fax 206/754-5107

James Munroe
Anheuser-Busch, Inc.
One Busch Place 36-5
St. Louis, MO 63118
314/577-9968
Fax 314/577-1055

Richard E. Pyler
Coors Brewing Co.
Mail Stop BC600
Golden, CO 80401
303/277-5942
Fax 303/277-6834

Arthur Rehberger
Miller Brewing Co.
3939 W. Highland Blvd.
Milwaukee, WI 53210
414/931-4234
Fax 414/931-2452

Local Section News

Local Section 4-Milwaukee/Chicago

ASBC Local Section 4 met on December 5, 1996, at Pabst Blue Ribbon Hall. Chairman Holly Kuester called the meeting to order, acknowledging the sad fact that it was the group's final gathering in the beautiful and memorable hall. Kuester reminded the members to think of good times spent there and of those associates who have been affected by the industry's difficult times. Mary-Jane Maurice read the minutes from the September 19, 1996 meeting, which were accepted as read. The membership accepted the financial report as prepared by Treasurer Ellen Haggenjos, showing a balance of $672.47 on December 5, 1996.

Chairman Kuester then called for the discussion of old business. Since none was brought forth by the membership, Kuester related the content of the Board Meeting conducted during the 1996 ASBC National Meeting. Discussion of any new business was then called for. The Section is requesting nominations for the Secretary and Treasurer offices. Nominations will be formally taken at either the March or April meeting. Upcoming meeting dates are as follows: February 8, 1997, Guest Night; March 20, 1997, Brewery tour with MBAA; April 24, 1997, Miller Brewing Company, Presenter: Sherman Chan, Rahr Malting Company

The meeting was then adjourned and the evening's poster presenters were introduced by Program Chairman Cynthia McLinn. Murthy Tata presented "A Comparison of Two Immobilized Yeast Bio-Reactor Systems for Continuous Lager Fermentation" co-authored by P. Bower, S. Bromberg, D. Duncombe, J. Fehring, and D. Ryder, Miller Brewing Company. Gil Sanchez presented "Deaeration of CO(2) Scrubber Make-up Water with Hoechst-Celanese Liqui-Cel Membrane Contactors" from the Miller Brewing Company. Informal discussion and dinner concluded the evening.

Mary-Jane Maurice

Local Section 2-St. Louis

The October meeting of Local Section 2 was held at Lombardo's Trattoria near the Union Station complex. After a very fine meal, Dwight Garrels of Anheuser-Busch enlightened us with a presentation on "Ozonation: Friend or Foe?" Attendees included 34 members and guests.

The Christmas Party was held December 14th, at J. F. Sanfilippo's Restaurant located next to the new Trans World Dome.

The 1997 schedule includes:

January 22, 1997 (Anheuser-Busch Corporate Cafeteria)
February 20, 1997
March 19, 1997
April date to be announced - (Joint meeting with MBAA)
May 21, 1997

Mark your calendars, make your travel plans, and come visit the Gateway city during 1997.

Happy Holidays! from Local Section 2.

Dan Eberle

Local Section 6-Canada

The local section fall meeting was held on December 6, 1996, at the Molson Brewery in Etobicoke, Ontario. A delicious light lunch and some great beers were offered before the opening of the meeting. The business meeting consisted of a short presentation by Steve Wright, chairman of the Canadian local section of the ASBC, about the 1997 ASBC Annual Meeting in Palm Springs. Two speakers contributed to the technical session. Normand Mensour from Labatt Breweries of Canada gave an excellent presentation entitled "Gas Lift Systems for Immobilized Cell Fermentations." Kim Purdy of Foss Food Technology gave a presentation entitled: "Brewery Applications for the AromaScan Electronic Aroma Detector." The meeting ended with a second taste paneling session of the fine line of products from the host brewery along with a very instructive demonstration of the AromaScan electronic nose detection system. The executives of the Canadian local section would like to thank Molson Breweries for its very generous hospitality.

Luc Bordeleau

Local Section 8-Wild West

The third meeting of ASBC Local Section 8 "Wild West" was a joint meeting with the Local District Rocky Mountain MBAA, held at the Coors Brewing Company in conjunction with the United Kingdom's Institute of Brewing (IOB) USA study tour on October 28, 1996. ASBC attendees paid $15.00 each at the door. The business meeting was called to order by ASBC Local Chairman Ryan Mytar at 7:00 PM. Michael Joyce read the minutes from the July 23, 1996, meeting which were accepted as read. Treasurer Laurie Kowalsky read the treasurer's report and again informed the group that the local section will accept donations to try and establish a positive cash balance.

Chairman Ryan Mytar called for the discussion of old and new business. The next local section meeting is tentatively scheduled for the second week in February 1997 at a yet-to-be-determined site. The meeting was then adjourned.

Steve Presley from Anheuser-Busch, and current president of the Local District Rocky Mountain MBAA section, introduced the speakers for the technical sesssion of the meeting. The three speakers included: Trevor Wainwright, who presented "IOB-Its Roles and Activities"; Peter Geering, who presented "U.K. Traditional Ale Production"; and David Zuckerman, who presented "The Current Status of the U.S. Microbrewery Industry." All three presentations were well received. The evening concluded with a fine dinner in the Coors Hospitality Center.

Michael Joyce

Laboratory Note - Alternate Methods for Color Estimation

Should equipment for production of wort by Malt-4 not be available, there are several methods available for production of a wort sufficient for "estimating" the color potential of Caramel and other malts. While the method of color measurement as shown for Black malt (see below) may be utilized for malts of lesser color with less (or no) dilution, the in-house methods of some of our members (as shown below) appear to work well at such "estimation".

A. Methanol Extraction Method

Reagents and Apparatus

(a) Precision Spectrophotometer as per Beer-10 or equivalent.
(b) Fine-grind mill as per Malt-4 or equivalent.
(c) Balance, glassware and misc. apparatus as per Malt-4.
(d) Magnetic stirring apparatus.
(e) S & S filter paper #560 or equivalent.
(f) Methanol in water 1:4 (v/v); 40 mL of reagent-grade methanol mixed into 160 mL of distilled water; 200 mL of solution required per test.

Method

Grind a minimum 25.0 g of Caramel malt that has been standardized by complete mixing. Standardize the ground sample and remove 20.0 g into a beaker and add 200 mL of methanol and water solution. Stir mixture for 2 min on the magnetic stirring apparatus at 20ºC. Filter mixture into a beaker, recycling the first 20 mL back to the funnel. Read absorbance of filtrate at 430 and 700 nm by spectrophotometer.

Calculation

Color = (A,430 - A,700) x 10 x 1.27

where A,430 = absorbance reading at 430 nm and A,700 = absorbance reading at 700 nm.

B. Color Comparison Method

Reagents and Apparatus

(a) Food blender (multiple units may be desirable).
(b) Glassware as per Malt-4.
(c) Whatman filter paper #1 or equivalent.
(d) Precision spectrophotometer as per Beer-10 or equivalent.
(e) Malt sample of known color.
(f) Distilled water, boiling.

Method

Standardize test and standard malts by mixing well. Remove 50.0 g of test malt into a blender. Add 400 mL of boiling water to blender and homogenize for a minimum of 2 min on high setting. Filter mixture into a beaker, recycling the first 20 mL back to the funnel. Repeat procedure for standard malt (or with multiple blenders perform simultaneously). Read the absorbance of both samples at 450 nm by spectrophotometer, calibrated with distilled water.

Calculation

A(sample)/A(standard) x Color(standard) = Color(sample)

where A(sample) = absorbance reading of sample; A(standard) = absorbance reading of standard malt sample; and Color(standard) = known color of standard malt sample.

Contributors: B. R. Sebree (ADM Malting Div.) and Dave Thomas (Coors Brewing Co.)
Excerpted from Laboratory Methods for Small Brewers, an upcoming publication of the American Society of Brewing Chemists.

1996 British Brewing Industry Developments

Business Developments

Consequences of the acquisition of Courage by Scottish and Newcastle (to form Scottish Courage) were felt during 1996. Closure of breweries in Halifax and Nottingham occurred, and the Courage Technical Centre at the Berkshire Brewery in Reading was also closed and consolidated with the Scottish and Newcastle Technical Centre in Edinburgh.

The acquisition of Carlsberg Tetley by Bass Brewing was announced during the Fall. As part of the agreement, Carlsberg will acquire 20% of Bass Brewing. This enlarged company will have 38% of the British beer market (Scottish Courage has 32%, Whitbread has 12%). In December 1996, the U.K. Government announced that it had referred the Bass acquisition of Carlsberg Tetley to the Mergers and Monopolies Commission. It is doubtful whether they will express an opinion before the U.K. General Election, which must be held by May 1997.

Societies and Scientific Meetings

The 6th International Brewing Technology Conference was held in Harrogate during April 1996. There was a very good technical program and an extensive commercial exhibition, but there was significantly reduced attendance when compared to previous Harrogate conferences. Reduced attendance at many scientific meetings was general in 1996, with the Oxford meeting of the Institute of Brewing (IOB) being an example of this trend. However, the usual number of local meetings of the IOB and Brewer's Guild were held throughout the year, together with some special courses and seminars. The IOB organized a very successful study tour to the United States, and the International course was also its usual success. The IOB awarded the Horace Brown Medal to Charles Masschelein.

Brewing Research Foundation International

Bernard Atkinson retired as Director General of the BRFI after 15 years in the position. He was replaced by Renton Righelato, who has many years experience in the sugar processing, fermentation, and pharmaceutical industries. Charlie Bamforth (Director of Research at the Foundation for the past six years), has been appointed Deputy Director General, and a Visiting Professor at the International Centre for Brewing and Distilling at Heriot-Watt University.

The International Centre for Brewing and Distilling (ICBD) at Heriot-Watt University reported an enrollment of 75 students. Current statistics show 75% of graduates have positions in the industry, and 60% of the postgraduate students are from countries outside the European Union.

Gordon Stewart

Student Travel Grant Program
Fund Solicitation and Participation

For the second year, the ASBC Student Travel Grant Program will award travel funds to students so they may attend the Annual Meeting and participate in the Technical Program. Six students were able to take advantage of the program at the Chicago meeting in 1995. The travel grants cover partial expenses for students who are presenting a paper or poster at the Meeting.

The amount of the grant is determined by the amount of funds raised for the program versus the number of eligible students. Gary Fulcher of the University of Minnesota is the chairman of the program.

Eligibility: All ASBC student members, graduate or undergraduate, who are at least 21 years of age are eligible to apply for these awards. Applicants should send a written request (up to 300 words typed) to attend the Annual Meeting; a copy of the abstract that was submitted to the ASBC; and verification of ASBC student membership to: Gary Fulcher, University of Minnesota, Food Science and Nutrition, 1334 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108.

Funds to support the program are needed. Any corporation, ASBC Local Section, or individual who would like to contribute may forward their contribution to ASBC Headquarters, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121. Checks should be made payable to ASBC Student Travel Fund.

Active ASBC Corporate Members

ADM Malting Co.; Decatur, IL
Advanced Polymer Systems; Redwood City, CA
Altek Company; Torrington, CT
Anheuser-Busch Corp. Library; St Louis, MO
Anton Paar USA; Ashland, VA
Asia Pacific Breweries PTE Ltd.; Ibrahim, Singapore
Association of Brewers; Boulder, CO
Beer Indust. Assoc Shandong; Jinan, Peoples Rep China
Bio-Technical Resources; Manitowoc, WI
BRF International; Redhill Surrey, England
Briess Malting Company; Chilton, WI
Brulotte Farms, Inc.; Toppenish, WA
Boston Beer Co. - Brewery; Boston, MA
Casco Inc.; Etobicoke, Canada
Cereceria Leona SA; Zipaquira, Colombia
Cerveceria Bakus Y Johnston; Lima, Peru
Cerveceria Leona SA; Tocancipa, Colombia
Cerveceria Nacional Dominicana; Santo Domingo, Dom. Rep.
Cerveceria Paraguaya SA; Asuncion, Paraguay
Cerveceria Polar SA; Caracas, Venezuela
Cerveceria Quilmes; Quilmes, Argentina
Cervejarias Kaiser Brasil Ltd. ; Campinas, Brazil
CIA Nacional de Cerveza SA; Callao, Peru
Coors Brewing Company; Golden, CO
Cultor Food Science, Inc.; Milwaukee, WI
DB Breweries Ltd.; Auckland, New Zealand
Diversey Lever Inc.; Plymouth, MI
Fabricas Nacionales De Cerveza; Montevideo, Uruguay
Flownamics Analyt. Instr., Inc.; Madison, WI
Froedtert Malt Corp.; Milwaukee, WI
Fuji Silysia Chemical Ltd.; Portland, OR
Fund. Mexicana Investigacion; Col. San Rafael, Mexico
G. Heileman Brewing Co.; LaCrosse, WI
Genesee Brewing Co., Inc.; Rochester, NY
Great Western Malting Co.; Vancouver, WA
Guangzhou Malting Co. Ltd.; Guangzhou, China
Hudepohl-Schoenling Brewing ; Cincinnati, OH
Int'l Speciality Products; Wayne, NJ
J Boag & Son Brewers; Tasmania, Australia
J. E. Siebel Sons Co., Inc.; Chicago, IL
Jaeger Biotech, Eng., Inc.; Costa Mesa, CA
John I. Haas, Inc.; Yakima, WA
Kalsec Inc.; Kalamazoo, MI
Karl Strauss Breweries; San Diego, CA
Kirin Brewery Company, Ltd.; Tokyo, Japan
La Brasserie Labatt Brewing; La Salle, Canada
Labatt Breweries of Canada; London, Canada
Ladish Malting Co.; Jefferson, WI
Lupofresh, Inc.; Wapato, WA
Minnesota Malting Co.; Cannon Falls, MN
Molson Centre for Innovation; Etobicoke, Canada
Morris Hanbury USA Inc.; Yakima, WA
Norwester Brewing Co; Portland, OR
Novo Nordisk BioChem; Franklinton, NC
Pacific Western Brewing Co.; Prince George, Canada
Peavey Grain Co.; Minneapolis, MN
Perstorp Analytical Inc.; Silver Springs, MD
The PQ Corporation; Conshohocken, PA
Queensland Breweries Pty. Ltd.; Beenleigh, Australia
Rahr Malting Co.; Shakopee, MN
Schreier Malting Company; Sheboygan, WI
SCM Chemicals; Baltimore, MD
The Stroh Brewery Company; Detroit, MI
Unipath Inc.; Nepean, Canada
Vicam; Watertown, MA
World Minerals Inc.; Lompoc, CA
Wyckoff Farms, Inc; Grandview, WA
Zahm & Nagel Co., Inc.; Buffalo, NY

New Active ASBC Members

Walter Q. LeBrun, chemist at the Portland Brewing Co., Portland, OR.
Jim C. Basler, technical sales representative at Briess Malting Co., Chilton, WI.
Evan D. Evans, postdoctoral fellow with the Department of Plant Science at the University of Adelaide in Australia.
Denise Puckett, copacking QC specialist at the Brown-Forman Corp., Louisville, KY.
Juliette Schick, president of SciLog, Inc., in Madison, WI.
Mark H. Schulze, hops chemist at Kalsec, Inc., Kalamazoo, MI.
Paavo K. Alasimi, Rochester, NY.
Henry A. Hancock, manager of technical applications for CE Elantech, Inc., in Lakewood, NJ.
Karen J. DeVries, chemist at Anheuser-Busch, St. Louis, MO.
Paul McNeil, engineer at Groundwater and Enviro. Services, Burlington, MA.

ASBC Past Presidents

1934-35 Max Henius *
1935-36 F.M. DuPont *
1936-38 Robert Schwartz *
1938-40 George S. Bratton *
1940-42 Leo Wallerstein *
1942-44 Fred P. Siebel, Jr. *
1944-46 Bryn H. Nisson *
1946-48 Christian Rask *
1948-50 Philip P. Gray *
1950-52 Carroll A. Dayharsh
1952-53 Stephen Laufer*
1953-54 Lawrence E. Ehrnst *
1954-55 Kurt Becker
1955-56 Ulysses C. Gramsch *
1956-57 Fred C. Baselt*
1957-58 William C. McFarlane *
1958-59 Eric Kneen *
1959-60 Mortimer W. Brenner *
1960-61 George E. Bredt
1961-62 Allan D. Dickson
1962-63 Irwin Stone*
1963-64 John B. Bockelmann
1964-65 Robert W. Rummele*
1965-66 Dwight B. West
1966-67 Philip E. Dakin
1967-68 Robert I. Tenney
1968-69 J. Robert Piening
1969-70 William J. Olson *
1970-71 Leonard T. Saletan *
1971-72 G. Calvin Dyson, Jr.
1972-73 Vincent S. Bavisotto
1973-74 F. Lloyd Rigby
1974-75 Michael R. Sfat
1975-76 David J. Lubert *
1976-77 Donald D. Brumsted*
1977-78 Harold H. Geller
1978-79 Paul K. Steinke *
1979-80 Ronald A. Latimer
1980-81 Arthur J. Rehberger
1981-82 Roger A. Carroll
1982-83 Kurt C. Duecker
1983-84 William A. Hardwick, Jr.
1984-85 James McDougall (?)
1985-86 Phillip D. Israel
1986-88 Charles W. Baker
1988-89 Richard L. Berndt
1989-90 David W. Diffor
1990-91 Inge Russell
1991-92 Richard E. Pyler
1992-93 Peter W. Gales
1993-94 Sherman H. Chan
1994-95 James H. Munroe
1995-96 Rob McCaig

(*) Deceased

CANDID PHOTOS are always welcome and make Newsletter more interesting and fun to read. Please do not hesitate to send pictures of your meetings to the Newsletter. Photos of officers and activities are always a good idea.

Any questions and/or suggestions for the coming year(s) should be forwarded to:

Jenette Wheeler, ConAgra Malt, 3316 Bonnybrook Road S.E., Calgary, Alberta Canada, T2G 4M.9 Phone: 403/571-7005. Fax: 403-571-7077

Spring 1997 Newsletter Deadline: March 1, 1997

All items for publication should be in the Editor's Office by the stated deadline. This is the most important and most difficult part of being the Editor of the Newsletter and everyone's cooperation is sincerely appreciated.

ASBC Policy Statement

The Board of Directors approves the following policy statement:

"Members of ASBC Committees, especially Technical Committees, are reminded that they do not and may not speak for or on behalf of the Society in matters relating to the brewing industry without express permission of the officers or Board of Directors of the American Society of Brewing Chemists. This prohibition includes the use of ASBC letterhead when making a statement of technical or economic nature. Members of the ASBC speak only for themselves when giving opinions or making statements concerning technical matters relating to the brewing industry."

ASBC NEWSLETTER
Volume 57, Number 1, Winter 1997
Jenette Wheeler, Editor

ASBC BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Bruce R. Sebree, President
David A. Thomas, President-Elect
David W. Hysert, Vice-President
Suzanne Thompson, Secretary
Robert Jensen, Treasurer
Robert McCaig, Past President
Robert Maruyma, Chairman, Publications Committee
Rena Crumplen, Chairman, Technical Committee
Nona M. Mundy, Chairman, Program Committee

Other Publications

Peter Freeman, Editor, ASBC Journal
Lydia Marinelli, Editor, Methods of Analysis

ASBC STAFF

Steven C. Nelson, Executive Officer and Publisher
Miles Wimer, Director of Publications
Larry J. Hartman, Director of Finance and Administration
Ann King, Editorial Supervisor
Phyllis Albertz, ASBC Newsletter Assistant Editor
Amy Hope, Advertising Sales Representative
Linda Gold, ASBC Methods of Analysis sales

ASBC Newsletter (ISSN: 0149-7308) is published quarterly by the American Society of Brewing Chemists, Inc., 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121-2097. Periodicals postage paid at St. Paul, MN. PUB 066970.

Postmaster: Send address changes to ASBC Newsletter, 3340 Pilot Knob Road, St. Paul, MN 55121-2097; (651) 454-7250; Fax (651) 454-0766.

Subscription rates: $25.00 per year within the United States, elsewhere $31.00 (includes expedited postage). Canadian customers: Please add 7% GST to elsewhere price. Canadian GST #R 131584898. Canadian IPM 0979176. Single back issue: $10.00.

ASBC Newsletter VOLUME 57, NUMBER 1 - WINTER 1997