Best Conditions for Pilot Scale Phototransformation of α-Acids. J. C. Andre, M. L. Viriot, M. Niclause, D. Bazard, R. Flayeux, and M. Moll. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem. 38:0061, 1980.

A theoretical study of the photochemical isomerization of α-acids and the photochemical transformation of β-acids was undertaken. Changes in bitterness were evaluated. The results showed that because of energy costs, separation of the β-acids from hop extracts is more efficient before photochemical processing than afterwards.

Keywords: β-Acids, Hops, Photochemical reactor, Phototransformation