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doi:10.1094/ASBCJ-2007-0611-01
horA-Specific Real-Time PCR for Detection of Beer-Spoilage Lactic
Acid Bacteria. M. C. Haakensen, L. Butt, B. Chaban (1), H. Deneer, and
B. Ziola (2), Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, SK, Canada; and T. Dowgiert, Molson Coors Brewing Company,
Golden, CO. (1) Current address: Department of Microbiology and
Immunology, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. (2)
Corresponding author. Department of Pathology, University of Saskatchewan,
Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada. E-mail: <b.ziola@usask.ca>; Phone:
+1.306.966.4330; Fax: +1.306.966.8049. J. Am. Soc. Brew. Chem.
65(3):157-165, 2007.
Beer-spoilage bacteria have long been a problem for brewers. Among the
most problematic beer spoilers are several species of the Gram-positive
genera Lactobacillus and Pediococcus. Current methods of
detecting and identifying these organisms are time-consuming and do not
differentiate between bacteria capable of spoiling beer and benign
bacteria. The horA-specific real-time polymerase chain reaction
(rPCR) described here identifies beer-spoilage organisms based not on
their identity, but on the presence of a gene that we show to be highly
correlated with the ability of an organism to grow in beer. The horA
hop-resistance gene has been shown to be associated with beer spoilage by
isolates from four Lactobacillus spp. and one Pediococcus
sp. We document the presence of the horA gene in one additional
genus and 11 additional species, with many of these bacteria commonly
found as beer spoilers. The use of horA-specific rPCR allows for a
substantial reduction in the time required for detection of potential beer
spoilage bacteria and efficiently discriminates between those organisms
that have the horA gene (highly likely to spoil beer) and those
organisms that do not have the gene (much less likely to spoil beer).
Keywords: Beer spoilage, Hop resistance, horA, Lactic acid
bacteria, Real-time PCR
Las bacterias dañinas a la cerveza han sido un problema para
cerveceros por mucho tiempo. Entre la más problemática organismos dañinas
a la cerveza son varias especies Gram-positiva del género Lactobacillus
y Pediococcus. Los métodos actuales de detectar y de identificar
estos organismos son desperdiciadores de tiempo y no distinguen entre las
bacterias capaces de deteriorar la cerveza y bacterias benignas. La
horA-específica reacción en cadena de la polimerasa en tiempo real
(rPCR) descrita aquí identifica los organismos dañinos a la cerveza basada
no en su identidad, sino en la presencia de un gene que demostremos para
ser correlacionados fuertemente con la capacidad de un organismo de crecer
en cerveza. El gene horA de lúpulo-resistencia se ha demostrado
para ser asociado con la deterioración de cerveza por los aislados de
cuatro especies de Lactobacillus y una especie de Pediococcus.
Documentamos la presencia del gene horA en un género adicional y 11
especies adicionales, con muchas de estas bacterias encontradas comúnmente
como bacterias dañinas a la cerveza. El uso del rPCR horA-específico
permite una reducción substancial en el tiempo requerido para la detección
de las bacterias con potencial a deteriorar la cerveza y discrimina
eficientemente entre esos organismos que tengan el gene horA
(altamente probable estropear la cerveza) y esos organismos que no tienen
el gene (mucho menos probable estropear la cerveza). Palabras claves:
Bacterias ácido-lácticas, Deterioración de la cerveza, horA, PCR en
tiempo real, Resistencia de lúpulo
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The ASBC Journal publishes scientific papers, review articles, and technical reports dealing with the chemistry and microbiology of brewing ingredients and relevant technology, as well as the analytical techniques used in the malting and brewing industry.
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