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VIEW ARTICLE DOI: 10.1094/ASBCJ-57-0138
Characterization
of the Reaction
of Bisulfite
with Unsaturated
Aldehydes in
a Beer Model
System Using
Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy
(1). Jean-Pierre
Dufour (2),
Michelle Leus,
and Anthony
J. Baxter, Department
of Food Science,
University of
Otago, PO Box
56, Dunedin,
New Zealand;
and Alan R.
Hayman, Department
of Chemistry,
University of
Otago. (1) Presented
at the 64th
Annual Meeting,
Boston, MA,
June 1998. (2)
Corresponding
author. Fax:
64-3-4797567;
E-mail: <jean-pierre.dufour@stonebow.otago.ac.nz>
J. Am. Soc.
Brew. Chem.
57(4):138-144,
1999. Accepted
June 8, 1999.
The mechanism
and chemical
equilibria of
addition of
bisulfite to
unsaturated
aldehydes were
investigated
using NMR spectroscopy.
trans-2-Butenal
was used to
model the behavior
of trans-2-nonenal.
Reaction products
were isolated
and their relative
stabilities
analyzed. In
the presence
of excess bisulfite,
the addition
proceeded stepwise,
to initially
give a carbonyl
adduct and ultimately
yield a disulfonate
as the thermodynamic
product. The
addition to
the carbonyl
moiety was rapid
compared to
the subsequent
addition to
the double bond.
Preparative
analytical procedures
to liberate
bisulfite were
unable to revert
the addition
to the double
bond. The irreversible
nature of bisulfite
addition to
the double bond,
and the stability
of such adducts,
did not support
the generally
accepted mechanism
of the release
of unsaturated
aldehydes from
non-volatile
species. Keywords:
Beer storage,
Bisulfite adducts,
Equilibria,
Staling mechanisms,
Unsaturated
aldehydes
Mediante la
espectroscopía
de resonancia
magnética
nuclear se han
estudiado, tanto
el mecanismo
como el equilibrio
químico
de la reacción
de adición
del bisulfito
a los aldehidos
insaturados.
Se empleó
el trans-2-butenal
como modelo
del comportamiento
del trans-2-nonenal.
Se aislaron
los productos
de la reacción
y se analizó
su estabilidad
relativa. En
presencia de
un exceso de
bisulfito, la
reacción
de adición
transcurre en
diferentes etapas,
al principio
da lugar al
aducto con el
grupo carbonilo
y finalmente
produce el disulfonato
como producto
termodinámico.
La adición
al grupo carbonilo
es rápida
en comparación
con la adición
posterior al
doble enlace.
Procedimientos
analíticos
a escala preparativa
para liberar
el grupo bisulfito
no consiguieron
que la adición
al doble enlace
fuera reversible.
El carácter
irreversible
de la adición
del bisulfito
al doble enlace
y la estabilidad
de los aductos
a que da lugar
dicha adición,
no concuerdan
con el mecanismo,
generalmente
aceptado, por
el cual se liberan
aldehidos insaturados
a partir de
especies que
no son volátiles.
Palabras clave:
Almacenamiento
de la cerveza,
Aductos de bisulfito,
Equilibrios,
Mecanismos de
enranciamiento,
Aldehidos insaturados.
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A subscription to the Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists is complimentary with membership to the ASBC.
The ASBC Journal publishes scientific papers, review articles, and technical reports dealing with the chemistry and microbiology of brewing ingredients and relevant technology, as well as the analytical techniques used in the malting and brewing industry.
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